structure of military government in nigeria

the federal government and its components (state and local government). The Nigerian Air Force was formally established in January 1964, with technical assistance from West Germany. Military regimes are by their nature autocratic; they are insensitive to the opinions or the demands of the people. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Three arms of government in Nigeria and their functions The Federal Executive The Federal Legislature The Judiciary Executive power President Reasons for Military Intervention in Nigeria, C. The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, D. Achievements of the Military Rule in Nigeria, E. The Weakness or Failures of the Military Regime in Nigeria, I love this.I gain knowledge everday and New things. Nigeria is a republic with a federal democracy and an executive president. Be the first to know about new content and opportunities, Reasons for Military Intervention In Nigeria, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, The Weakness or Failure of Military Regime in Nigeria, The Military is hierarchical and centralised, It monopolises the instruments of violence, There is fusion of the executive and legislative arms of the Government, Involvement of civilians in the administration, Discipline and obedience to higher commands, Disputes over 1962 and 1963 census results, Allegation of corruption, nepotism etc among politicians, Low level of honest and reliable leadership, The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC), Infrastructural developments e.g. The President of Nigeria functions as the commander-in-chief of the armed forces, exercising his constitutional authority through the Ministry of Defence, which is responsible for the management of the military and its personnel. After realizing revenue from various sources, the federal government is responsible for the following basic duties: States were created to achieve effective administration of resources and to serve as a closer link for the people to access the benefits of the federal government. The government created two political parties, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Republican Convention (NRC), and produced their agendas for them; freely formed parties were not registered, and many politicians were banned from politics. In 1999, a new constitution was adopted and a peaceful transition to civilian government was completed. ), revenues: $12.92 billion (2017 est. )exports: 0 kWh (2019 est. After independence in 1960, politics were marked by coups and mostly military rule, until the death of a military head of state in 1998 allowed for a political transition. A new constitution established a federal system with an elected prime minister and a ceremonial head of state. It was adopted in its original form May 29 1999 in Abuja at the dawn of the Nigerian fourth republic. The Chief Justice of Nigeria also presides over the National Judicial Council, an executive body established by the Nigerian federal government to protect the judiciary branch from the influence of the executive branch. [12][13] Compounding this state of affairs is the role corruption plays in the ongoing attempts to strengthen the armed forces. Class: Senior (SS3) It is composed of the Head of State, Chief of General Staff, Minister of Defense; service chiefs of the Army, Air force and Navy, Inspector General of Police, Attorney General and all military Governors. (b) maintaining its territorial integrity and securing its borders from violation on land, sea, or air; (c) suppress insurrection and act in aid of civil authorities to restore order, when called upon to do so by the President, but subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by an Act of the National Assembly; and. The coup plotters attacked Ibadan, Lagos and Kaduna within a period of 2 days. In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Soldiers don't belong on the streetsand the army is uniquely placed to pressure the government for police reforms to tackle. Many government institutions do not adequately engage with citizens or the private sector and lack the capacity to . ), total: 18.6 yearsmale: 18.4 yearsfemale: 18.9 years (2020 est. Nigerias population is projected to grow from more than 186 million people in 2016 to 392 million in 2050, becoming the worlds fourth most populous country. [26], The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the sea branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. )industrial: 1.965 billion cubic meters (2017 est. The unicameral legislature is peculiar to each of the 36 states in Nigeria. Lesson notes At the apex of government was the all-military Supreme Military Council (SMC), which was the lawmaking body for the entire federation. These commissioners and advisers cannot be members of the state house of assembly neither can they be members of the national assembly. (ret.) Interesting History: List of all Nigerian presidents from 1960 till date, The state government level of the Nigerian government structure is divided into 36 states and 1 territory. The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria The Head of State/President The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC) The National Council States The Council of Ministers The Judiciary The Civil Service D. Achievements of the Military Rule in Nigeria Infrastructural developments e.g. Muhammadu BUHARI (since 29 May 2015); Vice President Oluyemi "Yemi" OSINBAJO (since 29 May 2015)cabinet: Federal Executive Council appointed by the president but constrained constitutionally to include at least one member from each of the 36 stateselections/appointments: president directly elected by qualified majority popular vote and at least 25% of the votes cast in 24 of Nigeria's 36 states; president elected for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)election results: Muhammadu BUHARI elected president; percent of vote - Muhammadu BUHARI (APC) 53%, Atiku ABUBAKAR (PDP) 39%, other 8% (2019), description: bicameral National Assembly consists of:Senate (109 seats - 3 each for the 36 states and 1 for Abuja-Federal Capital Territory; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)House of Representatives (360 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 4-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)House of Representatives - last held on 23 February 2019 (next to be held on 25 February 2023)election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 65, PDP 39, YPP 1, TBD 3; composition - men 101, women 8, percent of women 7.3%House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - APC 217, PDP 115, other 20, TBD 8; composition - men 347, women 13, percent of women 3.6%; note - total National Assembly percent of women 4.5%, highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 15 justices)judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a 23-member independent body of federal and state judicial officials; judge appointments confirmed by the Senate; judges serve until age 70subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Federal High Court; High Court of the Federal Capital Territory; Sharia Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; Customary Court of Appeal of the Federal Capital Territory; state court system similar in structure to federal system, Accord Party or ACC [Mohammad Lawal MALADO]Africa Democratic Congress or ADC [Ralph Okey NWOSU]All Progressives Congress or APC [Abdullahi ADAMU]All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor Ike OYE]Labor Party or LP [Julius ABURE]Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Iyourchia AYU]Young Progressive Party or YPP [Bishop AMAKIRI], ACP, AfDB, ATMIS, AU, C, CD, D-8, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSMA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Uzoma Elizabeth EMENIKE (since 7 July 2021)chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 800-7201 (ext. N.J. Miners, The Nigerian Army 195666, Methuen and Co. Ltd, London, 1971. by . While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. The training command headquarters are located in Lagos, the commercial capital of Nigeria, but with training facilities spread all over Nigeria. (a) defending Nigeria from external aggression. The Nigerian Air force is currently headed by Air Marshal Isiaka Oladayo Amao. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 1,889,100 bbl/day (2018 est. ), urban population: 54.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 3.92% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Military intervention could be prevented with the eradication or reduction in the level of corruption in Nigeria by politicians. Structure [ edit] The Nigerian Army as of 2016 consisted of some 6,000 officers and 150,000 enlisted personnel. [38] Nigeria has contributed more than 20,000 troops/police to various UN missions since 1960. It Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with minimal government services and insufficient funds to develop its resource base. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. From 1966 to 1999, Nigeria experienced a series of military coups, excluding the short-lived second republic between 1979 and 1983. (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030), total dependency ratio: 86youth dependency ratio: 80.6elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18 (2021 est. It has also seized power twice at home (1966 & 1983). The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. Federal Executive Council; 2. )refined petroleum consumption: 483,100 bbl/day (2019 est. Conflicttriggered by political competition and communal, ethnic, religious or resource allocation rivalriesposes a major threat to democracy. The military derives pleasure in passing harsh laws (draconian laws) which sometimes take retroactive effect. 0-14 years: 40.69% (male 47,978,838/female 45,940,446)15-64 years: 55.95% (male 64,923,147/female 64,241,948)65 years and over: 3.36% (2023 est.) Register or login to make commenting easier. In 1990, another coup was staged to unseat the Military Head. Nigeria held a successful democratic election in 1999 which led to the election of Olusegun Obasanjo as the President on the 29thof May 1999. Increased educational attainment, especially among women, and improvements in health care are needed to encourage and to better enable parents to opt for smaller families. Section 217-220 of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria thus addresses the Nigerian Armed Forces: The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces and the largest among the armed forces. Each state has its local government areas into which it is divided into. It is the legislative branch at the state level of the Nigerian government structure. These divisions are referred to as the 3 tiers of government and the Nigerian government is divided into three levels which include: Now, lets quickly talk about these three tiers of government in Nigeria. By Posted jordan schnitzer house In strengths and weaknesses of a volleyball player )other: 12.5% (2018 est. Each local government area is governed by a local government council. A necessary atmosphere should be created for the conduct of free and fair elections. Government Structure In 1999, after decades of intermittent military control, Nigeria adopted constitutional reforms that reinstated a civilian government. Registration of birth, death, and marriage certificates (take a look at your birth certificate, now you understand, right?). Economic Systems. [7], The Nigerian Armed Forces were established in 1960 as the successor to the combat units of the Royal West African Frontier Force stationed in the country, which had previously served as the British Empire's multi-battalion field force, during Nigeria's protectorate period. We're sorry, but in order to log in and use all the features of this website, you will need to enable JavaScript in your browser. ), 104.494 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )transmission/distribution losses: 4.713 billion kWh (2019 est. This led to June 12 elections in 1993 but the result of this election was cancelled. It has thirty-six states, one federal territory, and . By this, we hope to be able to raise enrollment numbers and reduce the poor academic performance of students and the drastic failure rates in exams while also working to enhance Instructional Practice among Teachers using familiar channels of interaction to train and empower them on the use and adoption of technology. It has similar functions as the National House of Assembly. Also Read: Cost of Nigerian International passport. [33][34][35] This doctrine of African military intervention by Nigeria is sometimes called Pax Nigeriana.[36]. In 2007, the Air Force had a strength of 10,000. The local government reforms of that year made some fundamental changes in the structure, Nigeria is a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is both head of state and head of government, and of a multiparty system. Each state has a governor that can serve for 4 years in a term. The federal government raises funds through taxing people and businesses. ), -$1.849 billion (2021 est. Aguiyi-Ironsi (January 16, 1966 July 29, 1966), General Yakubu Gowon (August 2, 1966 July 29, 1975), General Murtala Mohammed (July 29, 1975 February 13, 1976), General Olusegun Obasanjo (February 14, 1976 September 30, 1979), Major-General Muhammadu Buhari (December 31, 1983 August 27, 1985), General Ibrahim Babangida (August 27, 1985 August 26, 1993), General Sani Abacha (November 16, 1993 June 8, 1998), General Abdulsalami Abubakar (June 9, 1998 May 29, 1999). [9][10] Nigeria's Armed Forces would continue to remain an active element in combat operations throughout the African continent over the proceeding decades, with bobs The government continues to face the daunting task of institutionalizing democracy and reforming a petroleum-based economy, whose revenues have been squandered through decades of corruption and mismanagement. Abdullahi Abacha, the 36-year-old son of the late Nigerian military dictator, Sani Abacha, is . One of the survivors of the coup, Olusegun Obasanjo, succeeded Muritala Mohammed and he promptly set up civilian government and the state of affairs was maintained until 1983. )exports: 27,509,177,000 cubic meters (2019 est. In ancient and pre-colonial times, the area of present-day Nigeria was occupied by a great diversity of ethnic groups with different languages and traditions. Nigeria operates a bicameral legislature at the federal level, and a unicameral legislature at the state level. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities. President Olusegun Obasanjo in August 2003, committed the Nigerian troops once again into Liberia, at the appeal of the United States, to provide an interim presence until the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) arrived. )forest: 9.5% (2018 est. Military rule is based on fear because they possessed weapons of coercion especially the gun. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. Provision of basic amenities like education, quality and affordable health care, good water, good roads, etc. OGUNNAIKE, Sotu OMOIGUI and P.O. )9.71% (2020 est. Subject: Government Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. The NCNC, now headed by Azikiwe (who had taken control after Macaulay's death in 1946), formed a coalition with Balewa's NPC after neither party won a majority in the 1959 elections. )$1.014 trillion (2020 est. National Economic Council. It can also be prevented through accountability and transparency on the part of politicians. note: data are in current year dollars, China 30%, Netherlands 11%, United States 6%, Belgium 5% (2019), refined petroleum, cars, wheat, laboratory glassware, packaged medicines (2019), $36.73 billion (31 December 2020 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 99 (2020 est. Nigeria is dominantly made of three prominent regions: the North (Hausa Fulani), the West (Yorubas) and the East (Igbos) with minorities in other regions.The military took over the leadership. Lets talk about each of these arms as they make the pieces of the Nigerian government structure a complete one. The Civil Service: It was made up of both the Secretary to the military government and the Head of Service. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASEnote: adopted 1978; lyrics are a mixture of the five top entries in a national contest, total World Heritage Sites: 2 (both cultural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Sukur Cultural Landscape; Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, one of the largest West African economies; oil-dependent exports, revenues, and credit; COVID-19 and oil price shocks have resulted in slowing growth, high inflation, increasing unemployment; frequent disruptions due to political instability, especially in the north, $1.05 trillion (2021 est. [16][17][18][19], The origin of the Nigerian Armed Forces lies in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force, that became Nigerian, when independence was granted in 1960. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Get on our mailing list. It was an advisory body to the S.M.C./A.F.R.C. Like the United States, Brazil, and India, Nigeria is structured as a federation, a structure it inherited from its British colonial rulers.

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